The Impact of Technological Turbulence on SMEs Business Model Innovation Performance: The Contingent Role of Entry Order

In this study, we investigate how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) engage in business model innovation response to technology shifts, the ensuing impact of on performance. Using structural equation modeling, analyze data from a survey 1328 European SMEs find that technological turbulence affects scope novelty innovation, these dimensions turn affect firm We show relationships are doubly contingent: both SME size (micro, small, or medium) time since market entry relevant. Early entrant firms more responsive through as learning accruing motivates informs innovation. There meaningful differences for micro, enterprises. Our findings advance theoretical understanding between technology, order, performance also serve inform managers’ estimations implications